Prep the garlic: Peel the garlic cloves. Blanch them in boiling water for 1 minute to take off the raw edge, then drain and pat very dry on a clean towel. Moisture causes spoilage, so ensure they’re bone-dry.
Dry-roast the spices: In a dry pan over medium heat, toast fenugreek seeds until they turn a shade darker and smell nutty (about 1–2 minutes). Remove and let cool.
In the same pan, toast mustard seeds until they begin to pop, then remove.
Grind the spice mix: In a small grinder or mortar & pestle, coarsely grind the toasted fenugreek and mustard seeds together with a pinch of salt. You want a slightly gritty texture, not a fine powder.
Heat the oil & infuse: In the clean pan, heat the oil until it’s shimmering (but not smoking).
Add asafoetida and curry leaves (if using) and fry for a few seconds until fragrant.
Turn off the heat and let oil cool just slightly (so it’s warm, not hot).
Assemble the pickle: In a mixing bowl, combine the dry-ground spice mix, red chili powder, turmeric, and remaining salt.
Add the dried garlic cloves and toss well to coat each clove. Pour in the warm oil, stirring to evenly distribute.
Finally, mix in the lemon juice and vinegar (if using).
Jar and rest: Transfer the mixture into a clean, dry glass jar. Press down the garlic so it’s submerged in oil, which preserves it.
Seal tightly and leave at room temperature for 2–3 days to mellow and develop flavor, giving the jar a gentle shake once a day.
Storage: After 3 days, refrigerate. The pickle keeps well for up to 9 months if always stored in oil and with a clean, dry spoon.